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Students
Tuition Fee
USD 24,949
Per year
Start Date
Medium of studying
On campus
Duration
48 months
Program Facts
Program Details
Degree
PhD
Major
Information Systems | Computer Science
Area of study
Information and Communication Technologies
Education type
On campus
Timing
Full time
Course Language
English
Tuition Fee
Average International Tuition Fee
USD 24,949
Intakes
Program start dateApplication deadline
2023-04-24-
2023-09-19-
2024-01-09-
About Program

Program Overview


Research profile

Our focus is interdisciplinary research that includes researchers with a range of backgrounds including computer science, engineering, mathematics, and psychology. We carry out rigorous world-leading applied research in a range of related topics including software engineering, intelligent data analysis, human-computer interaction, information systems, and systems biology. Much of our research relates to two main domains: healthcare/biomedical informatics and digital economy/business.

Find out about the exciting research we do in Computing. Browse profiles of our experts, discover the research groups and their inspirational research activities you too could be part of. We’ve also made available extensive reading materials published by our academics and PhD students.

Learn more about research in this area.

You will benefit from this integrated PhD programme immensely if you want to:

  • receive a more much guided and hands-on supervision of your learning and research process, especially if you come from more traditional teaching cultures
  • increase your chances for timely completion of your PhD programme in comparison to students taking traditional route PhD, cutting down the expenses associated with prolonged study
  • access to tailored, highly specialist research training not available as part of the support provided to traditional route PhD students
  • maximise your chances for a successful research analysis by applying practical assignments and training which are part of the integrated PhD directly to the research you do for your thesis
  • receive an official Postgraduate Diploma in Research in addition to your PhD award to certify the completion of skills training which may be required by employers in some countries if you wish to pursue an academic career




  • Browse the work of subject-relevant research groups

  • Intelligent Digital Economy and Society
  • Human Computer Interaction
  • Brunel Software Engineering Lab
  • AI Social and Digital Innovation
  • Intelligent Data Analysis
  • Institute of Digital Futures
  • Modelling and Simulation
  • Computer Science for Social Good
  • Computational Biology
  • Interactive Multimedia Systems
  • Digital Economy
  • Smart Technology Advancements in Health and Rehabilitation
  • You can explore our campus and facilities for yourself by taking our virtual tour.

    Program Outline

    Research journey

    The Brunel Integrated PhD combines PhD research with a programme of structured research, professional and subject training. The programme typically takes 4 years (compared to 3 years for a non-integrated PhD programme). On successful completion, you will be awarded a PhD with an Integrated Postgraduate Diploma in Research in your chosen subject specialisation.

    The programme involves demonstrating through original research or other advanced scholarship the creation and interpretation of new knowledge, a systematic acquisition and understanding of a substantial body of knowledge at the forefront of an academic discipline or professional practice, the ability to conceptualise, design and implement a project for the general of new knowledge, applications or understanding at the forefront of the discipline.

    The programme of taught modules runs in parallel to your research work during the first three years of study, with the fourth year providing time for you to focus on writing up your PhD thesis. The taught modules cover research and professional skills as well as providing discipline-specific content. The Brunel Integrated PhD aims to support an individual’s development as a research professional. It aims to produce researchers who are well prepared to embark on careers as academics or professional researchers. As well as the skills to conduct and disseminate high-quality academic research, researchers will develop a range of broader (‘transferable’) skills to help ensure that their work has an impact in the wider world.

    Find out more here.

    This course can be studied 4 years full-time, starting in January. Or this course can be studied 4 years full-time, starting in October.

    Find out about what progress might look like at each stage of study here: Research degree progress structure.



    Careers and your future

    You will receive tailored careers support during your PhD and for up to three years after you complete your research at Brunel. We encourage you to actively engage in career planning and managing your personal development right from the start of your research, even (or perhaps especially) if you don't yet have a career path in mind. Our careers provision includes online information and advice, one-to-one consultations and a range of events and workshops. The Professional Development Centre runs a varied programme of careers events throughout the academic year. These include industry insight sessions, recruitment fairs, employer pop-ups and skills workshops.

    In addition, where available, you may be able to undertake some paid work as we recognise that teaching and learning support duties represent an important professional and career development opportunity.

    Find out more.



    Find a supervisor

    Our researchers create knowledge and advance understanding, and equip versatile doctoral researchers with the confidence to apply what they have learnt for the benefit of society. Find out more about working with the Supervisory Team.

    You are welcome to approach your potential supervisor directly to discuss your research interests. Search for expert supervisors for your chosen field of research.


    PhD topics

    While we welcome applications from student with a clear direction for their research, we are providing you with some ideas for your chosen field of research:

  • A Machine Learning Approach for Migrating to Microservices, supervised by Nour Ali
  • Additive manufacturing and sustainability, supervised by Eujin Pei
  • Advanced planar MIMO sparse imaging for target detection, supervised by Hongying Meng and Shaoqing Hu
  • Automatic computational fluid-dynamics, supervised by James Tyacke
  • Autonomous robots for non-disruptive inspection of utility and sewage systems, supervised by Md Nazmul Huda
  • Brain wave analysis and modelling with graph signal processing, supervised by Nikolaos Boulgouris
  • Building Information Model Development Using Generative Adversarial Networks, supervised by Michael Rustell and Tatiana Kalganova
  • Can AI based robot car win the race, supervised by Dong Zhang
  • CFD modelling of plasma flow control, supervised by James Tyacke
  • Cultivating virtual embodiment using non-invasive brain stimulation, supervised by Monica Pereira and Nadine Aburumman
  • Deep Learning for Medical Imaging, supervised by Yongmin Li
  • Deep learning-based autonomous diagnosis of gastrointestinal tract cancers, supervised by Md Nazmul Huda
  • Design and Development of a Capsule Robot for Medical Applications, supervised by Md Nazmul Huda
  • Developing computational models to understand the evolution of bidirectional catalysts in biology, supervised by Sarath Dantu
  • Development of personalised services and applications for healthcare, supervised by Fotios Spyridonis, George Ghinea, Zidong Wang and Xiaohui Liu
  • Development of resilient hospitals through enhanced built environment design and research, supervised by Kangkang Tang
  • Digital Stone: Robotic Construction of a Masonry Arch Bridge, supervised by Michael Rustell and Tatiana Kalganova
  • Disruptive Digital Experiences, supervised by Harry Agius and Damon Daylamani-Zad
  • Energy and CO2 Awareness during Software Design and Development, supervised by Nour Ali
  • Explaining model decisions through dialogue, supervised by Isabel Sassoon
  • Exploring the potential of serious games to enhance user engagement with real-world applications, supervised by Fotios Spyridonis and Damon Daylamani-Zad
  • Intelligent, Interpretable and Adaptive Design of Steel Structures using Deep Learning and NLP, supervised by Michael Rustell and Tatiana Kalganova
  • Large Language Models (LLM) for Automated Finite Element Analysis, supervised by Michael Rustell and Tatiana Kalganova
  • Machine learning approaches in health data science for risk prediction of cardiovascular diseases, supervised by Raha Pazoki
  • Machine learning for natural language modelling and processing, supervised by Nikolaos Boulgouris
  • Machine learning for sustainable transportation systems, supervised by Muhammad Shafique
  • Natural Language Processing for Business Intelligence, supervised by Yongmin Li
  • Real-time Visual and Haptic Feedback of Grasping Movements in Virtual Reality, supervised by Nadine Aburumman
  • Swarm of multiple co-operative and autonomous low-cost robots for search and rescue, supervised by Md Nazmul Huda
  • Use of Large Language Models (LLM) as a Structural Engineering Design Assistant, supervised by Michael Rustell and Tatiana Kalganova
  • User experience in Extended Reality environments and applications, supervised by Fotios Spyridonis and Damon Daylamani-Zad
  • Using deep learning for weed detection, supervised by Tatiana Kalganova
  • Using Machine Learning to Simulate Macroscopic phenomena for Fluid Dynamics, supervised by Nadine Aburumman
  • SHOW MORE
    About University
    PhD
    Masters
    Bachelors
    Diploma
    Foundation
    Courses

    Brunel University London


    Overview:

    Brunel University London is a public research university located in Uxbridge, west London. It is known for its focus on practical learning and its strong links with industry. The university prides itself on being a "university for a changing world," emphasizing its commitment to innovation and addressing global challenges.


    Services Offered:

    Brunel University London offers a wide range of services to its students, including:

      Study Support:

      Library, Computer Centre, Academic Skills Service, Personal Tutors, Academic English support.

      Student Services:

      Advice and Representation Centre (ARC), Disability and Mental Health Support, Faith and Religion support, Medical Centre, Student Support and Welfare.

      Professional Development Centre:

      Job Shop, Careers advice, Placements, Modern languages, Entrepreneur hub, Brunel Buddies.

    Student Life and Campus Experience:

    Brunel University London has a single-site campus, offering a vibrant and diverse student community. Students can expect:

      Accommodation:

      Guaranteed accommodation for first-year students.

      Sport:

      A wide range of sports facilities and activities.

      Student Life:

      Opportunities to get involved in clubs, societies, and volunteering.

      Shops, Restaurants, and Bars:

      A variety of options for dining and socializing on campus.

    Key Reasons to Study There:

      Practical Learning:

      Brunel University London emphasizes practical learning and industry links, providing students with valuable skills for their future careers.

      World-Class Research:

      The university has a strong reputation for research, with students benefiting from learning from leading academics.

      Vibrant Campus Life:

      The single-site campus offers a lively and diverse student community with numerous opportunities for engagement.

      Excellent Location:

      The campus is located in Uxbridge, west London, with good transport links to the rest of the UK.

    Academic Programs:

    Brunel University London offers a wide range of undergraduate and postgraduate programs across various disciplines, including:

      Business, Arts, and Social Sciences:

      Business School, Economics and Finance, Education, English, History, Journalism, Law, Media and Communications, Politics and International Relations, Psychology, Social Work, Sociology.

      Engineering, Design, and Physical Sciences:

      Aerospace Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Computer Science, Design School, Digital Media, Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Environmental Sciences, Games Design, Geography, Mathematics, Mechanical and Automotive Engineering.

      Health, Medicine, and Life Sciences:

      Advanced Clinical Practice, Biomedical Sciences, Clinical Education, Life Sciences, Medicine, Musculoskeletal Ultrasound, Music, Nursing, Occupational Therapy, Physician Associate, Physiotherapy, Public Health and Health Promotion, Sport, Health and Exercise Sciences, Theatre.

    Other:

    • Brunel University London is a member of the University of London federation.
    • The university has a strong commitment to equality and diversity.
    • Brunel University London is ranked 38th in the UK in the QS World University Rankings.
    • The university has a strong focus on sustainability and environmental responsibility.
    • Brunel University London offers a variety of scholarships and bursaries to support students.
    • The university has a dedicated team to support international students.
    • Brunel University London has a strong alumni network.

    • Academic Programs:

      While the context lists various subjects, it does not provide a detailed outline of the key academic programs and strengths of the institution.

    • Other:

      The context does not include any additional pertinent details about Brunel University London that have not been covered in the above sections.

    Total programs
    357
    Average ranking globally
    #446
    Average ranking in the country
    #38
    Admission Requirements

    The general University entrance requirement for registration for a research degree is normally a First or Upper Second Class Honours degree (1st or 2:1).

    An interview will be required as part of the admissions process and will be conducted by at least two academic staff members remotely via MS Teams, Zoom, or face to face.

    Applicants will be required to submit a personal statement and a research statement.

    Please contact your proposed supervisor, where possible, to receive feedback and guidance on your research statement before submitting it. Learn how to prepare a research statement here.


    English Language Requirements

    All courses at Brunel have an English language requirement. This is listed on your

    course page

    under 'entry criteria'.

    If you need an English test, we recommend booking one early

    as there can be a long wait in some areas. You can also take our Brunel English Language Test (

    BrunELT

    ).



    What level of English do I need?

    In general, our courses ask for an English level of between IELTS 6.0 and 7.0 or equivalent. Some courses will have higher requirements (and will require you to also reach minimum sub-scores), so please

    check your course page

    for the exact level

    .

    If you do not meet the required level of English, you can take one of our

    pre-sessional courses

    .


    What English qualifications does Brunel accept?

    English qualifications we currently accept for degree level study include those listed below. We accept a wide range of other qualifications, so if you are unsure please get in touch with us on


    What English qualifications do I need if I wish to study English at Brunel before my degree course?

    If you need to study English before starting your degree, you should take one of the following tests at

    an approved test centre

    in order to apply for a Student visa:

  • IELTS (Academic) for UKVI SELT (minimum of IELTS 4 for overall and sub-scores)
  • LanguageCert International ESOL SELT (B1 level or above, Pass overall and  33 for each part)
  • Trinity College Integrated Skills in English (ISE) (Ievel 1 or above, both modules)
  • Pearson PTE Academic UKVI (43 for each part)
  • Find out more about exams you can take to obtain a Student visa:

    IELTS (Academic) for UKVI,

    LanguageCert International ESOL SELT

    ,

    Trinity College Integrated Skills in English (ISE)

    , and

    Pearson PTE Academic

    .  For further details,

    contact us

    .


    I don't need to study English before I start my degree. Do I still need to provide proof of English language?

    All international students must show evidence that they meet the English requirement for their course of study. This applies even if English is the native language of your home country. If this is the case, a pass at high school level which is equivalent to GCSE Grade C or above is sometimes acceptable. Please see your

    country page

    for more information.

    If you don't need to study English before your degree and don't have relevant high school qualifications, we can still accept a non-UKVI-approved IELTS from an official test centre with the required scores. However, should you not achieve the required scores for your degree course, you will not be able to use this IELTS to apply for a Tier 4 visa for a pre-sessional English course in the UK. In some circumstances, if you don't have a UKVI IELTS, you may be able to attend an English course with a Short Term Study visa.

    Contact us

    for more information.


    English language qualifications we accept

    (Click to expand and see specific requirements):


    IELTS for UKVI (UKVI approved for Student Visa)

    Pre-sessional English only

    4.0 to 5.0

    Pre-sessional English/Brunel Pathway College (PBC)

    5.5

    Pre-sessional English/Brunel Pathway College (PBC) /Brunel degree programmes

    6.0

    6.5

    7.0

    (Minimum 4 in all subscores)

    Pre-sessional English/Brunel Pathway College (PBC)

    (Minimum 5.5 in all subscores)

    Pre-sessional English/Brunel Pathway College (PBC) /Brunel degree programmes

    (Minimum 5.5 in all subscores)

    (Minimum 5.5 to 6.0 in all subscores, depending on course)

    (Minimum 5.5 to 7.0 in all subscores, depending on course)

    Pre-sessional English only

    Pre-sessional English/Brunel Pathway College (PBC)

    Pre-sessional English/Brunel Pathway College (PBC) /Brunel degree programmes

    4.0 to 5.0

    5.5

    6.0

    6.5

    7.0

    (Minimum 4 in all subscores)

    (Minimum 5.5 in all subscores)

    (Minimum 5.5 in all subscores)

    (Minimum 5.5 to 6.0 in all subscores, depending on course)

    (Minimum 5.5 to 7.0 in all subscores, depending on course)

    English language requirements for direct entry to Brunel are dependent on your chosen course.

    View your course page

    for more information.

    Please contact

    for more information.


    Trinity College London: Secure English Language Tests for UKVI - Integrated Skills in English (ISE) (UKVI approved for Student Visa)

    IELTS

    Pre-sessional English only

    4.0+

    Pre-sessional English/Brunel Pathway College (BPC)

    5.5

    Pre-sessional English/Brunel Pathway College (BPC)/Brunel degree programmes

    6.0

    6.5

    7.0

    Trinity ISE

    Pre-sessional English only

    ISE I with pass or higher in all parts

    Pre-sessional English/Brunel Pathway College (BPC)

    ISE II with pass in all parts

    Pre-sessional English/Brunel Pathway College (BPC)/Brunel degree programmes

    ISE III with pass in all parts

    ISE III with pass in all parts

    ISE IV with pass in all parts

    Pre-sessional English only

    Pre-sessional English/Brunel Pathway College (BPC)

    Pre-sessional English/Brunel Pathway College (BPC)/Brunel degree programmes

    IELTS

    4.0+

    5.5

    6.0

    6.5

    7.0

    Trinity ISE

    ISE I with pass or higher in all parts

    ISE II with pass in all parts

    ISE III with pass in all parts

    ISE III with pass in all parts

    ISE IV with pass in all parts

    English language requirements for direct entry to Brunel are dependent on your chosen course.

    View your course page

    for more information.

    Please contact

    for more information.


    BrunELT (Brunel English Language Test)

    IELTS

    Pre-sessional English Only

    4.0+

    Pre-sessional English/Brunel Pathway College (BPC)

    5.5

    Pre-sessional English/Brunel Pathway College (BPC)/

    Brunel degree programmes

    6.0

    6.5

    7.0

    7.5

    BrunELT

    Pre-sessional English Only

    40%+ (a minimum of 40% in all parts)

    Pre-sessional English/Brunel Pathway College (BPC)

    55% (a minimum  of 55% in all parts)

    Pre-sessional English/Brunel Pathway College (BPC)/

    Brunel degree programmes

    58% (a minimum of 55% in all parts)

    63% (a minimum  of 55% or 58% in all parts, depending on course)

    68% (a minimum of 58%, 63% or 68% in all parts, depending on course)

    73% (a minimum of 58%, 63% or 68% in all parts, depending on course)

    Pre-sessional English Only Pre-sessional English/Brunel Pathway College (BPC) Pre-sessional English/Brunel Pathway College (BPC)/

    Brunel degree programmes

    IELTS

    4.0+

    5.5

    6.0

    6.5

    7.0

    7.5

    BrunELT

    40%+ (a minimum of 40% in all parts)

    55% (a minimum  of 55% in all parts)

    58% (a minimum of 55% in all parts)

    63% (a minimum  of 55% or 58% in all parts, depending on course)

    68% (a minimum of 58%, 63% or 68% in all parts, depending on course)

    73% (a minimum of 58%, 63% or 68% in all parts, depending on course)

    English language requirements for direct entry to Brunel are dependent on your chosen course.

    View your course page

    for more information.

    Please contact

    for more information.


    Pearson Academic (UKVI approved for Student Visa)

    IELTS

    Pre-sessional English only

    4.0+

    Pre-sessional English/Brunel Pathway College (BPC)

    5.5

    Pre-sessional English/Brunel Pathway College (BPC)/

    Brunel degree programmes

    6.0

    6.5

    7.0

    PTE Academic UKVI

    Pre-sessional English only

    43+ (a minimum of 43 for each part)

    Pre-sessional English/Brunel Pathway College (BPC)

    59 (a minimum of 59 for each part)

    Pre-sessional English/Brunel Pathway College (BPC)/

    Brunel degree programmes

    59 (a minimum of 59 for each part)

    59 (a minimum of 59 for each part)

    64 (a minimum of 59 or 64 for each part, depending on course)

    Pre-sessional English only Pre-sessional English/Brunel Pathway College (BPC) Pre-sessional English/Brunel Pathway College (BPC)/

    Brunel degree programmes

    IELTS

    4.0+

    5.5

    6.0

    6.5

    7.0

    PTE Academic UKVI

    43+ (a minimum of 43 for each part)

    59 (a minimum of 59 for each part)

    59 (a minimum of 59 for each part)

    59 (a minimum of 59 for each part)

    64 (a minimum of 59 or 64 for each part, depending on course)

    English language requirements for direct entry to Brunel are dependent on your chosen course.

    View your course page

    for more information.

    Please contact

    for more information.


    Cambridge

    IELTS

    Pre-sessional English only

    4.0+

    Pre-sessional English/Brunel Pathway College (BPC)

    5.5

    Pre-sessional English/Brunel Pathway College/

    Brunel degree programmes

    6.0

    6.5

    7.0

    Cambridge English: Business Certificates (BEC) suite of exams

    Pre-sessional English only

    140-159 (a minimum of 140 for each part) (previously BEC Preliminary pass/pass with merit)

    Pre-sessional English/Brunel Pathway College (BPC)

    160 (minimum of 160 for each part) or BEC Vantage (Grade C)

    Pre-sessional English/Brunel Pathway College/

    Brunel degree programmes

    169 (minimum of 160 for each part) or BEC Vantage (Grade B)

    180 (minimum of 160 or 169 for each part, depending on course) or BEC Higher (Grade C) or Vantage (Grade A)

    185 (minimum of 169 or 180 for each part, depending on course) or BEC Higher (Grade B)

    IGCSE EFL (English as a first language)

    Pre-sessional English only

    D

    Pre-sessional English/Brunel Pathway College (BPC)

    C/4

    Pre-sessional English/Brunel Pathway College/

    Brunel degree programmes

    C/4

    C/4

    C/4

    IGCSE ESL (English as a second language)

    Pre-sessional English only

    D

    Pre-sessional English/Brunel Pathway College (BPC)

    C/4

    Pre-sessional English/Brunel Pathway College/

    Brunel degree programmes

    C/4

    C/4

    C/4

    B2 First (formerly FCE)

    Pre-sessional English only

    140-159 (a minimum of 140 for each sub-score) (Pass/Pass for previous BEC Preliminary)

    Pre-sessional English/Brunel Pathway College (BPC)

    160 (a minimum of 160 for each sub-score) (C old test)

    Pre-sessional English/Brunel Pathway College/

    Brunel degree programmes

    169 (a minimum of 160 for each sub-score, depending on course) (B old test)

    180 (a minimum of 160 or 169 for each sub-score, depending on course) (A old test)

    C1 Advanced (formerly CAE)

    Pre-sessional English only

    N/A

    Pre-sessional English/Brunel Pathway College (BPC)

    160 (a minimum of 160 for each sub-score) (D old test)

    Pre-sessional English/Brunel Pathway College/

    Brunel degree programmes

    169 (a minimum of 160 for each sub-score, depending on course)

    180 (a minimum of 160 or 169 for each sub-score, depending on course) (C old test)

    185 (a minimum of 169 or 180 for each sub-score, depending on course)

    C2 Proficiency (CPE)

    Pre-sessional English only

    N/A

    Pre-sessional English/Brunel Pathway College (BPC)

    160 (a minimum of 160 for each sub-score)

    Pre-sessional English/Brunel Pathway College/

    Brunel degree programmes

    169 (a minimum of 160 for each sub-score, depending on course)

    180 (a minimum of 160 or 169 for each sub-score, depending on course)

    185 (a minimum of 169 or 180 for each sub-score, depending on course)

    International Legal English Certificate - ILEC/ International Certificate of Financial English - ICFE

    Pre-sessional English only

    N/A

    Pre-sessional English/Brunel Pathway College (BPC)

    160 (a minimum of 160 for each sub-score) (B2 Pass)

    Pre-sessional English/Brunel Pathway College/

    Brunel degree programmes

    169 (a minimum of 160 for each sub-score, depending on course)(C1 Pass)

    180 (a minimum of 160 or 169 for each sub-score, depending on course)(C1 Pass)

    185 (a minimum of 169 or 180 for each sub-score, depending on course) (C1 Pass with Merit)

    International Education English O'level

    Pre-sessional English only

    D

    Pre-sessional English/Brunel Pathway College (BPC)

    C

    Pre-sessional English/Brunel Pathway College/

    Brunel degree programmes

    C

    C

    C

    Cambridge International Level 1/Level 2 Certificate in First Language English

    Pre-sessional English only

    D

    Pre-sessional English/Brunel Pathway College (BPC)

    C

    Pre-sessional English/Brunel Pathway College/

    Brunel degree programmes

    C

    C

    C

    Pre-sessional English only Pre-sessional English/Brunel Pathway College (BPC) Pre-sessional English/Brunel Pathway College/

    Brunel degree programmes

    IELTS

    4.0+

    5.5

    6.0

    6.5

    7.0

    Cambridge English: Business Certificates (BEC) suite of exams

    140-159 (a minimum of 140 for each part) (previously BEC Preliminary pass/pass with merit)

    160 (minimum of 160 for each part) or BEC Vantage (Grade C)

    169 (minimum of 160 for each part) or BEC Vantage (Grade B)

    180 (minimum of 160 or 169 for each part, depending on course) or BEC Higher (Grade C) or Vantage (Grade A)

    185 (minimum of 169 or 180 for each part, depending on course) or BEC Higher (Grade B)

    IGCSE EFL (English as a first language)

    D

    C/4

    C/4

    C/4

    C/4

    IGCSE ESL (English as a second language)

    D

    C/4

    C/4

    C/4

    C/4

    B2 First (formerly FCE)

    140-159 (a minimum of 140 for each sub-score) (Pass/Pass for previous BEC Preliminary)

    160 (a minimum of 160 for each sub-score) (C old test)

    169 (a minimum of 160 for each sub-score, depending on course) (B old test)

    180 (a minimum of 160 or 169 for each sub-score, depending on course) (A old test)

    C1 Advanced (formerly CAE)

    N/A

    160 (a minimum of 160 for each sub-score) (D old test)

    169 (a minimum of 160 for each sub-score, depending on course)

    180 (a minimum of 160 or 169 for each sub-score, depending on course) (C old test)

    185 (a minimum of 169 or 180 for each sub-score, depending on course)

    C2 Proficiency (CPE)

    N/A

    160 (a minimum of 160 for each sub-score)

    169 (a minimum of 160 for each sub-score, depending on course)

    180 (a minimum of 160 or 169 for each sub-score, depending on course)

    185 (a minimum of 169 or 180 for each sub-score, depending on course)

    International Legal English Certificate - ILEC/ International Certificate of Financial English - ICFE

    N/A

    160 (a minimum of 160 for each sub-score) (B2 Pass)

    169 (a minimum of 160 for each sub-score, depending on course)(C1 Pass)

    180 (a minimum of 160 or 169 for each sub-score, depending on course)(C1 Pass)

    185 (a minimum of 169 or 180 for

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